Sleeve Gastrectomy: Effective Weight Loss Surgery at Hosfinder Clinic
What is Sleeve Gastrectomy?
Sleeve gastrectomy, also known as vertical sleeve gastrectomy, is a type of bariatric surgery. Typically performed using a laparoscopic approach—commonly referred to as minimally invasive surgery—it involves making several small incisions in the abdomen through which specialized instruments are inserted. In this procedure, approximately 80% of the stomach is removed, leaving a tube-shaped stomach roughly the size of a banana.
Reducing the size of the stomach with sleeve gastrectomy limits the amount of food that can be consumed. Additionally, the reduction in stomach size leads to hormonal changes that aid in weight loss. These changes help patients achieve or maintain their ideal weight after surgery.
Why is Sleeve Gastrectomy Performed?
Like all bariatric surgeries, sleeve gastrectomy is performed not for cosmetic purposes but to reduce the risk of serious health conditions associated with obesity. If left untreated, obesity can lead to life-threatening health problems such as:
- Heart disease
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Type 2 diabetes
- Stroke
- Cancer
- Infertility
Sleeve gastrectomy is a surgical intervention designed to help patients lose weight and prevent complications related to obesity.
In most cases, surgery is not the first option for weight loss in obese patients. Initially, dietary and exercise programs are recommended. Only if these methods prove insufficient, surgical interventions are considered. For sleeve gastrectomy, patients must meet specific physical criteria:
- A body mass index (BMI) of 40 or above (severe obesity).
- A BMI between 35-39.9 (obesity) with a condition such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or severe sleep apnea.
- In some cases, patients with a BMI of 30-34 who have serious weight-related health problems may also qualify.
Patients must commit to making permanent lifestyle changes. Balanced, regular eating habits and consistent physical activity are crucial after surgery. Additionally, regular monitoring is required to prevent potential vitamin or mineral deficiencies.
Risks of Sleeve Gastrectomy
Like any surgery, sleeve gastrectomy carries both short-term and long-term risks.
Short-term risks may include:
- Excessive bleeding
- Infection
- Adverse reactions to anesthesia
- Blood clots
- Respiratory issues
- Leakage from the surgical site
Long-term risks include:
- Gastrointestinal obstruction
- Hernia
- Gastroesophageal reflux
- Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
- Malnutrition
- Vomiting
In rare cases, sleeve gastrectomy can result in death.
How is Sleeve Gastrectomy Performed?
Before sleeve gastrectomy, patients must follow a preoperative plan, which may include a specific exercise routine. Smokers are advised to quit before the surgery. Food and drink are restricted a few hours before the procedure, and certain medications may be paused under medical supervision.
The surgery is performed under general anesthesia. The laparoscopic technique is most commonly used, where several small incisions (1-2 cm) are made in the abdomen. Surgical instruments and a camera are inserted through these incisions, allowing the surgeon to view the inside of the abdomen on a monitor. The surgeon removes a portion of the stomach and stitches the remaining section. While laparoscopic surgery offers faster recovery and minimal scarring, open surgery may be necessary in certain cases.
The procedure typically lasts 1-2 hours. After surgery, the patient is closely monitored for complications and is usually discharged within a few days, depending on their condition.
Post-Operative Care After Sleeve Gastrectomy
For the first week after surgery, patients should consume only sugar-free, non-carbonated liquids. Gradually, they can transition to pureed foods and eventually to a regular diet after four weeks.
Nutritional supplements are essential to prevent deficiencies, including two multivitamin doses daily, one calcium supplement, and monthly B12 injections.
Regular follow-up visits are crucial during the first few months. These visits monitor the patient’s health, dietary habits, and blood values.
Results of Sleeve Gastrectomy
Sleeve gastrectomy offers long-term results. Most patients lose over 60% of their excess weight within two years. Besides weight loss, it can also improve conditions such as:
- Heart disease
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Type 2 diabetes
- Stroke
- Infertility
If lifestyle changes are not maintained after surgery, patients may experience insufficient weight loss or weight regain. Therefore, adhering to medical and dietary advice is crucial.
Obesity is a significant public health issue, and the best way to prevent obesity-related health problems is to maintain an ideal weight. Patients struggling with obesity should not lose hope and should consult healthcare professionals to determine the best course of action for achieving a healthier life. Sleeve gastrectomy is one of the surgical options that can help those who cannot lose weight through other methods.
